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Neutropenia Explained: Causes and Symptoms

What is Neutropenia?

Neutropenia is a condition where your blood has fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help your body fight infections. When you have neutropenia, your risk of getting sick increases. Many people do not know they have neutropenia until they get tested. However, it is important to understand this condition. According to the CDC, neutropenia can affect people of all ages.

Causes of Neutropenia

There are many causes of neutropenia. Some are common, while others are rare. Knowing the causes can help you understand your risk. For example, some people are born with it. Others develop it later in life.

  • Infections: Viral infections like the flu or hepatitis can lower neutrophil count.
  • Medications: Some antibiotics, chemotherapy, and other drugs can cause neutropenia.
  • Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like lupus may attack neutrophils.
  • Bone marrow problems: Diseases such as leukemia can affect how your body makes neutrophils.
  • Vitamin deficiencies: Lack of vitamin B12 or folate can lead to low neutrophil count.
  • Genetic factors: Some people inherit neutropenia from their parents.

    • Sometimes, doctors cannot find a clear cause. In these cases, it is called idiopathic neutropenia. The World Health Organization notes that causes can vary by age and health status.

    Symptoms of Neutropenia

    Often, neutropenia does not cause symptoms at first. Still, as neutrophil levels drop, your risk of infection rises. You may notice signs of infection more often or more severely. For instance, you might get sick easily or take longer to recover.

  • Fever, even a mild one
  • Sore throat or mouth sores
  • Frequent infections, such as ear or sinus infections
  • Skin rashes or wounds that heal slowly
  • Feeling tired or weak

    • Additionally, some people may have no symptoms at all. However, if you notice any of these signs, you should talk to your doctor. Early treatment can help prevent serious problems. The CDC recommends seeing a healthcare provider if you have repeated infections or unexplained fevers.

    Summary

    In summary, neutropenia means you have a low neutrophil count. It can be caused by infections, medicines, or other health problems. Symptoms may include fever, frequent infections, or feeling tired. However, some people may not notice any signs. Because neutropenia can increase your risk of infection, it is important to stay alert.

    Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice about neutropenia.